Contribution of biofertilizers to the fertility, biological activity and resilience of agricultural soil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/rmic.v1i2.21Keywords:
Sustainable production systems, biological fertilizers4, sustainable agricultural systemsAbstract
The conservation of agricultural soil in the face of intensive agriculture sustained by the extensive use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers, population growth, and accelerating climate change, among other factors, emerges as a form of resilience that requires strategies for its use, as well as inputs with less impact on the soil microbiota, since its health largely depends on it. Biofertilizers contribute to the fertility, biological activity, and resilience of agricultural soil and are considered an agroecological option for achieving global food security. This review was conducted using a narrative bibliographic approach, employing scientific databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, and incorporating peer-reviewed articles in Spanish and English published between 2015 and 2026. The search used keywords on biofertilizers and soil resilience, applying Boolean operators. Peer-reviewed scientific evidence was prioritized to identify and synthesize the available knowledge on the contribution of biofertilizers to the resilience of agricultural soils. The information obtained highlights that, unlike synthetic fertilizers, biofertilizers maintain and restore soil quality through their agronomic and ecological functions, simultaneously reducing the risks of soil and water contamination associated with the intensive use of chemical inputs. Their integration into crop production, along with reduced doses of mineral fertilizers, shows high potential for contributing to the gradual availability of nutrients and improving soil biota. The integration of biofertilizers into agri-food production systems has been validated and proposed as a soil management model to mitigate current and emerging challenges in the agricultural sector.
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