Inteligencia Artificial e IoT para el monitoreo agrícola: una revisión de tendencias actuales
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29059/rmic.v1i1.4Palabras clave:
sistemas inteligentes, loT, monitoreo del suelo, automatización agrícola, sensores agrícolasResumen
La agricultura de precisión es una estrategia clave para enfrentar los efectos del cambio climático, la escasez de agua y la necesidad de aumentar la productividad agrícola de manera sostenible. En este contexto, el desarrollo de sistemas inteligentes ya no es un tema secundario, ya que integra sensores, plataformas IoT, sistemas embebidos y técnicas de automatización para el control preciso de variables climáticas y del suelo en invernaderos y estructuras cubiertas. En este trabajo se realiza una revisión de la literatura de estudios publicados en los últimos cinco años, utilizando el método TAK (título, resumen, palabras clave), abordando la aplicación de estas tecnologías en entornos de agricultura protegida. Se analizan sus usos en el monitoreo de humedad del suelo, control climático, gestión del riego e implementación de cubiertas plásticas. Además, se examinan las arquitecturas de comunicación utilizadas, la eficiencia energética, el costo y la escalabilidad de las soluciones propuestas. Finalmente, se identifican desafíos como la interoperabilidad, la accesibilidad tecnológica para pequeños productores y la necesidad de estandarización, delineando futuras líneas de investigación hacia una agricultura más inteligente, resiliente e inclusiva.
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